This week, Time magazine named Miley Cyrus a finalist for Person of
the Year, the annual award bestowed on the person editors think has
"most affected the news and our lives, for good or ill, and embodied
what was important about the year." A true testament to the global
influence of twerking, she was the only nominee from the entertainment
industry.
Her co-nominees included Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, President Obama, Pope Francis, and gay rights activist Edith Windsor.
The pope was the winner,
but one thing's for certain: Miley Cyrus makes an impact. Regardless of
whether you care about her latest performance or haircut or provocative,
eyebrow-raising declaration to the press, it's likely you'll have heard
about it. In part, that's owing to her affinity for ever-media-friendly
shock, delivered in the form of a raunchy, nudity-filled music video; a
raunchy, nudity-filled photo shoot with photographer Terry Richardson;
and a raunchy awards show performance that likely would have contained
some nudity had it been allowed. It did, however, contain a foam finger
and a latex bodysuit. And a tongue that was a performer of its own.
Shocking behavior isn't
uncommon in the entertainment industry, and especially in music. Shock,
like sex, sells. But it's quite possible Cyrus isn't selling just shock,
and albums. She's also selling drugs.
Earlier this year, Miley
ended months of speculation that one of her song lyrics referred to
"Molly," the nickname for psychedelic drug MDMA, or a form of Ecstasy.
When she was asked if she was referring to her own name or the drug
Molly in the song "We Can't Stop," she told The Daily Mail, "If you're
aged 10, it's 'Miley.' If you know what I'm talking about, then you
know."
In September, she
offered a second endorsement, telling Rolling Stone that marijuana and
Molly are "happy drugs -- social drugs. They make you want to be with
friends."
What effect might the former Disney star's drug advocacy have on the legions of tween and teen fans who follow her every move?
A 2008 study
looking at the influence of technology, media and pop culture on
criminal behavior concluded that while young people are influenced by
pop culture, and more so than adults, it was difficult to empirically
study the cause and effect of pop culture on their behavior.
And certainly, the
glorification of vice in music is not at the hands of Miley Cyrus alone:
A 2008 study out of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and
published in the Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
found that 33% of the top 300 songs on the top of the Billboard charts
portrayed drug or alcohol use -- an increasing number of them pop songs
-- which means that kids receive about 35 references to substance abuse
for every hour of music they listen to.
That said, what we do know: Exposure to excessive violence in video games
can increase aggressive attitudes, behaviors and values, particularly
in children. And adolescent exposure to music, a powerful social force
often linked to identity, memories and mood, is much more frequent than
it is to any other form of pop culture.
According to the
Pittsburgh School of Medicine study, most teens listen to an average of
16 hours each week of music, compared with about six hours each week for
movies. Perhaps more than any other entertainment medium, the study
authors wrote, "music is well known to connect deeply with adolescents
and to influence identity development."
And so it's hard not to argue that Molly is likely reaping the benefits. The numbers are there: A 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health found
that 12.4% of Americans between 18 and 25 had experimented with MDMA,
while a report released last week by the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration stated that emergency room visits
related to MDMA increased 128% between 2005 and 2011 among people younger than 21.